Two type of taxes. Indirect tax is paid by rich and poor alike, on the purchase of goods and services. Sale tax, excise duty, custom duty, entertainment tax and examples of indirect tax. Direct tax Is paid by middle class and rich men on their income and property. Income tax, corporate tax, Wealth tax, capital gains tax, are examples of direct tax. Direct taxes collected by the income...
Vodafone Essar Case
Two type of taxes. Indirect tax is paid by rich and poor alike, on the purchase of goods and services. Sale tax, excise duty, custom duty, entertainment tax and examples of indirect tax. Direct tax Is paid by middle class and rich men on their income and property. Income tax, corporate tax, Wealth tax, capital gains tax, are examples of direct tax. Direct taxes collected by the income...
2G Scam
What is Spectrum? Whenever you watch TV, receive phone call, send SMS, surf internet….data is being transferred from one place to another, say Ahmedabad to Mumbai. So, If data was a “truck”, how would you transport it from A’bad to Mumbai (or vice versa)? Obviously via highway. Spectrum is that highway. Based on the ‘width’ of the highways, we classify them into following Cable TV145-860MHz 2G800-1900MHz 3G2100MHz 4G,...
Gorkha Territorial Administration (GTA)
What is Gorkha Territorial Administration (GTA)? A semi-autonomous administrative body for the Darjeeling hills in West Bengal, India. GTA will have administrative, executive and financial powers but no legislative powers. [important fact for CSAT] Timeline of Events 1980sSubhah Ghising, chief of the Gorkha National Liberation Front (GNLF), started a movement, demanding a separate state for the Gorkhas living in Darjeeling. 1988Darjeeling Gorkha Hill Council (DGHC) was setup. 1988 to...
Surrogate Mothers
What is Surrogate reproduction? Husband has healthy sperms and Wife has healthy eggs but Wife cannot carry a baby to its full term. For example, Aamir Khan’s wife Kiran Rao suffered a miscarriage earlier and had uterine medical problems so the couple opted for surrogacy. In surrogacy: Wife’s egg is fertilized with husband’s sperm through in-vitro fertilization (IVF) and an embryo is created. (In Vitro=outside body. In-vivo=inside body.)...
Ragging: Raghwan Committee report
What is Ragging? A damaging form of interaction of the seniors in college or school with the juniors or the newcomers or the first years. It involves insults (simple or suggestive sexual, sarcastic and even physical), running errands for seniors, and many other complex activities. 2007: Raghavan Committee R.K.Raghavan Committee on Anti-ragging Appointed Ministry of Human Resources Development (MHRD). Because Supreme Court had ordered the HRD ministry to...
National Counter Terrorism Center (NCTC)
Introduction: The Need for NCTC National Counter Terrorism Center (NCTC) After the 26/11 attacks, Government felt the need to setup a separate body to deal with terrorism. NCTC is modeled on the American NCTC and Britain’s Joint Terrorism Analysis Centre. NCTC will derive its powers from the Unlawful Activities Prevention Act, 1967 The basic idea is to prevent confusion regarding intelligence inputs and also ensure that none of...
National Aqatic Animal
The River Dolphin is found in the River Ganges. In 2009, The Ganga River Dolphin was declared the National Aquatic Animal of India by the National Ganga River Basin Authority which is chaired by the Prime Minister. The Ganga River Dolphin is basically found in the Ganga and Brahmaputra river systems. Around 1500-2000 River Dolphins are found in the aforementioned two river systems. The scientific name of the...
Japan Sagar/East sea controversy, and functions of survey of India
What is Surveyor General of India? Survey of India =India’s official map-making agency. under the Department of Science & Technology HQ= Dehra Dun Officers are appointed through Indian Engineering Services Examination conducted by UPSC. Their main boss = Surveyor General of India. Functions Acts as adviser to the Government of India on all survey matters. Produces Geographical maps and Aeronautical Charts. Demarcates the External Boundaries of India. Advice on the demarcation...
Takeshima/ Dokdo Islets Dispute Between Japan and South Korea
Where are The Takeshima or Dokdo Islets? These islets are located in the Sea of Japan and are a bone of contention between Japan and South Korea. They are 210 kilometers across the water from Japan and South Korea and are only 19 hectares in area. These islets are called the Liancourt Rocks in the West, Takeshima in in Japan and Dokdo in South Korea . ...
Indian National Symbol
National symbols bring a sense of pride and patriotism in the heart of every citizen. Watch this video to learn about the 14 symbols that define India's identity and heritage ...
Biodiversity: In-situ and Ex-situ methods of Conservation, Difference between Wildlife sanctuary and National Park
What is biodiversity conservation? First, what is biodiversity: number and variety of plants and animals. Whatever we do, to protect the number and variety of plants and animals= biodiversity conservation. There are two Methods of biodiversity conservation 1. In-Situ (natural home) 2.Ex-Situ (artificial home) ...
SC Ban on Tiger Tourism, Core and Buffer Areas, Project Tiger, NTCA Guidelines explained
Before discussing Supreme Court’s ban on Tiger Tourism, Let us go through some basics. What is core zones and Buffer Zone? Under the Wildlife (Protection) Act, the state governments have to notify the list of core and buffer areas of tiger reserves in their territory. Core zone (critical tiger habitats): This is where tigers usually rest, reside, feed and breed. Therefore, Government should prevent any disturbance in such...
Right to bear guns under Article 21: India vs USA the “Freedom”
Right to bear arms [weapons] (in India) 1931, in Karachi, the Indian National Congress passed the resolution on Fundamental Rights, among them, was the right to bear arms. It said “Every citizen has the right to keep and bear arms in accordance with regulations and reservations made in that behalf.” But, Due to the circumstances under which India gained independence and the prevailing volatile conditions (rioting after partition),...
Assam Riots and Bodo Accord : History, Reasons, Problems, Solutions
What is Bodoland Territorial Council ? 2003: Bodo militants lay down the arms and want to join mainstream. They sign agreement with Government, known as “Bodo Accord”. A Bodoland Territorial Council (BTC) was established under this Bodo Accord. And Bodoland Territorial Areas District (BTAD) was created under thesixth schedule of the Constitution of India, as part of this accord to look after the Administrative and Development needs of these Bodo dominated areas. Bodoland...
Inter linking of Rivers in India : Benefits, Problems, China dispute etc.
What is the inter-linking river project? It aims to Transfer water from surplus to water deficit areas in the country. Inter-Linking River Program will help saving the people living in drought-prone zones from hunger and people living in flood-prone areas from the destruction caused by floods”. History During the British raj, an Engineer Sir Arthur Cotton had sought to link the Ganga and the Cauvery to improve connectivity for navigation...
Public Procurement Bill 2012: Meaning, Salient Features, explained
What is Public Procurement? public procurement means how the public authorities– the Central and State governments, ministries/departments, public sector undertakings or state-owned enterprises—spend public money buying goods and services. For example, a department purchasing vehicles, office equipment, computers, stationary, air-conditioners, refrigerators, buildings, etc. What is the problem in Public Procurement system? A back-of-the-envelope assessment reckons that India’s public procurement systems account for more than Rs. 10 lakh crore...
अस्वस्थ आशिया : भारतापुढील आव्हाने
डॉ. शैलेंद्र देवळाणकर | Nov 05, 2012 | दिव्यमराठी डॉमिनिक मॉइझी या फ्रेंच विचारवंताने 2010 मध्ये मांडलेल्या एकविसाव्या शतकातील आंतरराष्ट्रीय राजकारणाच्या स्वरूपाविषयीच्या महत्त्वपूर्ण सिद्धांतामध्ये आशिया खंडाच्या महत्त्वाविषयी काही विधाने केली होती. त्याच्या मते संपूर्ण आशिया खंडात आशेच्या संस्कृतीचे साम्राज्य असून आंतरराष्ट्रीय राजकारणाचे केंद्रस्थान पश्चिम युरोपकडून आशिया खंडाकडे स्थलांतरित झाले आहे. वसाहतवादी शोषणाला बळी पडलेली आशियाई राष्ट्रे आपल्या आर्थिक प्रगतीच्या आधारावर आंतरराष्ट्रीय राजकारणाच्या केंद्रस्थानी आली आहेत. भारत, चीन, जपान...
Monetory Terms....[Repo, Reverse Repo, CRR, SLR]
रेपो रेट [REPO RATE] म्हणजे काय?आपल्याकडच्या व्यापारी, सहकारी किंवा खाजगी बँकांना देशांची पैशांची टंचाई भासते, तेव्हा बँका रिझर्व बँकेकडून पैसे कर्जरूपाने घेतात. रेपो रेट म्हणजे ज्या दराने बँक रिझर्व बँकेकडून पैसे घेते तो दर... रेपो रेट वाढणं म्हणजे बँकांना रिझर्व बँकेकडून मिळणाऱ्या कर्जदरात वाढ होणं, तर रेपो रेट कमी होणं म्हणजे बँकेला स्वस्तात पैसे मिळणं... म्हणजेच आरबीआयने रेपो रेट वाढवला तर पर्यायाने सर्व बँकांना ग्रहकांना द्यावयाची कर्जाचे दरही...
Connect Central Asia Policy: Meaning, Features, Significance for India
What is Central Asia? It is made up of five nations CountryCapital KazakhstanAstana KyrgyzstanBishkek TajikistanDushanbe TurkmenistanAshgabat UzbekistanTashkent Collectively they’re known as Central Asian Republics (CAR) also known as the underbelly of Eurasia Central Asia (Political) Why is Central Asia important for India? Rich resource of hydrocarbons and minerals. ...
Senkaku/Diaoyu islands Conflict between Japan and China
What is Senkaku/Diaoyu islands: Eight uninhabited islands and rocks in question lie in the East China Sea. They have a total area of about 7 sq km and lie northeast of Taiwan These group of islands are known as the Senkaku islands in Japan and the Diaoyu islands in China. Both Japan and China claim ownership of these islands. They matter because they are close to strategically important shipping lanes, offer rich...
Indo-China Power equation, factors and the future ahead
Bitterness in Indo-China relations because Recent evidence to understand China’s aggression :denial of visas to kashmiris and residents of Arunachal stating that they are integral parts of china(given special type of visas). South china sea dispute(recently warned against India- Vietnam’s oil exploration pact). China Voiced against our President’s visit to Arunachal. Rapidly developing infrastructure and Highways at Borders and new deployments(photographic evidence from NASA’s satellites). increasing ties with...
Russia-Pakistan: Growing Ties
Why India is unhappy with Russia? Recently India-Russia defence minister-level talks were scheduled @Delhi. But the meeting was postponed after Russian Defence Minister did not come. At the same time, Pakistani Army Chief Gen Ashfaq Parvez Kayani visited Moscow, thus causing Indian Government to conclude that Russian Defence Minister had stayed back to meet Gen. Kiyani and discuss weapon-deals with him. Apart from this, another bitter issue in...
सर्पदंश
सापांमध्ये विषारी, बिनविषारी असे दोन प्रकार तर आहेतच पण काही साप निमविषारीसुद्धा असतात. साप चावलेल्या व्यक्तींमध्ये कोणती लक्षणे दिसतात यावरून तो साप विषारी आहे की नाही ते लक्षात येते. लक्षणे : १] साप चावलेल्या जागेवर जळजळ झाली नाही, सूज आली नाही तर साप बिनविषारी होता असं समजायला हरकत नाही. २] साप चावलेल्या ठिकाणी जळजळ होणे, सूज येणे, अंग जड होणे, जीभ जड होणे, दातखिळी बसणे साप चावला असेल...
Games - 1
Play more and more educational games which will help you in the exam. http://www.geography-map-games.com/ ...
DENGUE : All you wanted to know
Dengue fever is a very grave disease and self-medication should not be done. Medical attention is extremely important. Dr S P S Bakshi shares critical information about the disease that WHO declared as pandemic... Symptoms of Dengue Fever Classic dengue fever, or 'break bone fever,' is characterised by acute onset of high fever of 3–14 days after the bite of an infected mosquito. Symptoms include: - Frontal headache...
अजब न्याय वर्तुळाचा
गिरीश कुबेर | 27 October 2012 | लोकसत्ता सामान्यजनांकडून कर्जवसुलीसाठी जप्तीचा अधिकारही वापरणाऱ्या बँका उद्योगपतींच्या वाटेला जात नाहीत. बँकेचं कर्ज बुडवलंय ते माझ्या उद्योगानं, मी नव्हे- असं म्हणण्याची सोय आपल्या उद्योगपतींना असते. तुमच्या कर्जामागे शून्याची किती वर्तुळं आहेत, यावरून जणू तुमची पत ठरत असते. २००६ सालचा तो प्रसंग पुन:पुन्हा आठवावा असा. जगातील सर्वशक्तिमान अशा नेत्याचा तितकाच शक्तिमान उजवा हात म्हणून ओळखल्या जाणाऱ्या व्यक्तीच्या दोन्ही हातात पोलिसांनी बेडय़ा ठोकल्यात...
Download E-Book
Download E-book of Current-Affairs-2012-Gist-of-Editorials-and-Articles (1.1 MB PDF file) click on the following link : https://www.box.com/s/x28tvu3qfyq3eiyvd2nj ...
Monetary Policy and Inflation
by K R Sudhaman, Economic Affairs Editor, Ticker Plant News In Developed countries Monetary policy which is unveiled by the central bank periodically is mainly aimed at keeping inflation low. In India as well as many other developing economies central banks have twin objective of controlling inflation and pushing growth. It is therefore a balancing act always for Reserve Bank of India, which has to contain inflation without impeding growth...
E-Waste Management
by Smt. Kalpana Palkhiwala, Deputy Director, Press Information Bureau, Delhi Electronic waste or E-waste is one of the rapidly growing environmental problems of the World. In India, the electronic waste management assumes greater significance not only due to the generation of our own waste but also dumping of E-waste particularly computer waste from the developed countries. Electronic waste which is popularly known as E-waste can be defined as...
Do RBI Rate Cuts Matter?
TK Arun | 1st November 2012 | The Economic Times To debate the relevance of the country's central bank might seem facetious or plain dumb. But too much is being made of the central bank's failure to cut policy rates. It is being accused of being dogmatic on inflation, of not seeing the parlous state of growth. All such passion stems from assuming that the RBI's policy rates...
पाकिस्तानबाबत सरकार जागे होणार तरी कधी?
ब्रिगेडिअर हेमंत महाजन | 25 October 2012 | सकाळ भारताला १५ ऑगस्ट १९४७ मध्ये स्वातंत्र्य मिळण्यापूर्वी एक दिवस पाकिस्तानचा जन्म झाला. त्यावेळी भारतातील बहुतेक संस्थाने स्वतंत्र भारतात विलीन झाली होती. अपवाद होता हैदराबादचा निझाम आणि जुनागढच्या नवाबाला पाकिस्तानात जाण्याची इच्छा होती. लष्करी कारवाई करुन ही दोन्ही संस्थाने भारतात विलीन करण्यात आली.काश्मीरचा राजा हरीसिंह हा हिंदू, तर बहुसंख्य प्रजा मुसलमान होती. काश्मीरची पश्चिम सीमा पाकिस्तानला भिडलेली होती. त्यामुळे मुसलमानांची...
बांगला घुसखोरांचे लाड व मतपेटीचे राजकरण
ब्रिगेडिअर हेमंत महाजन | 25 October 2012 | सकाळ आसामातील हिंसाचाराचे पडसाद देशाच्या अन्य भागांत उमटल्यानंतर, ईशान्य भारतीयांचे जिवाच्या भीतीने पलायन सुरू झाले. अशातच १९ ऑगस्टला बंगळुरूहून गुवाहाटी एक्स्प्रेसने आसामकडे निघालेल्या नऊ आसामी नागरिकांना, अज्ञात समाजकंटकांनी बेदम मारहाण करून लुटले आणि नंतर धावत्या रेल्वेतून बाहेर फेकले. यात दोघांचा जागीच मृत्यू झाला. या मारहाणीत अन्य सात जण गंभीर जखमी झाले. या देशाला गृहमंत्री आहे, ही एक अफवाच ठरल्याने लोकांनी...
1962 च्या पराभवाची पुनरावृत्ती अशक्य
शशिकांत पित्रे | 21 October 2012 | सकाळ भारत-चीन यांच्यादरम्यानच्या एकमेव युद्धाला तोंड फुटून 20 ऑक्टोबरला, म्हणजे कालच, बरोबर 50 वर्षं झाली. 1962 ते 2012 या पाच दशकांच्या कालावधीत दोन्ही देशांच्या प्रतिरोधाची (डिटरन्स) पातळी लक्षणीयरीत्या उंचावलेली आहे. चीननं त्यांच्या लष्करी आणि आर्थिक शक्तीत नेत्रदीपक प्रगती केली आहे; परंतु त्याचबरोबर भारताचं स्नायूबल, महाशक्ती बनू पाहणाऱ्या चीनइतकं वाढलं नसलं तरी, चीनच्या कोणत्याही दुःसाहसाला परावृत्त करण्याइतकं निश्चितच बळावलं आहे. दोन्ही देश...
नक्षलवाद रणनीतीची अंमलबजावणी
ब्रिगेडियर हेमंत महाजन | 14 February 2012 | सकाळ नक्षलवाद जेथे-जेथे रुजतो, तेथे-तेथे मध्यमवर्गाचा अभाव, हे एक ठळक कारण दिसते. दोन वेळेच्या जेवणाचा प्रश्न सुटलेला समाज, सहजासहजी हातात बंदूक घेऊन दऱ्याखोऱ्यांतून हिंडायला राजी होत नाही. शिवाय मध्यमवर्ग हा प्रस्थापित व्यवस्थेला पूरक असतो. त्याला ही सुरक्षित चौकट सोडायची नसल्याने तो नक्षलवादासारख्या हिंसक चळवळीला थारा देत नाही. आज भारतातील अन्य भागांप्रमाणेच छत्तीसगडमध्येही जेथे नक्षल चळवळ रुजली आहे, तेथे गरिबी, शोषण,...
नक्षलवादाचे आव्हान व चीनचे छुपे युद्ध
ब्रिगेडिअर हेमंत महाजन | 20 September 2012 | सकाळ भारताबरोबर 1965 व 1971 मध्ये झालेल्या अपमानकारक पराभवाचा बदला घेण्यासाठी, पाकिस्तानचे अध्यक्ष जनरल झिया उल हक आणि कुख्यात इंटर सर्व्हिसेस इंटेलिजन्स (आयएसआय) यांनी संयुक्तपणे भारतात अस्थैर्य माजवण्याचा एक दीर्घकालीन कट आखला. या कटाचे नामाभिधान पाकिस्तानच्या काराकोरम पर्वतराजीवरून 'के प्लॅन' असे करण्यात आले. भारतात द्वेषाची बीजे रोवून जातीय व धार्मिक तणाव निर्माण करणे, हा या कटाचा मुख्य भाग होता. त्यातूनच...
नक्षलवाद्यांचे वैचारिक, तर चीनचे छुपे युद्ध
ब्रिगेडिअर हेमंत महाजन | 10 October 2012 | सकाळ महाराष्ट्र-छत्तीसगड सीमेला लागून असलेल्या दलदलकुहीजवळ काही दिवसांपूर्वी, नक्षलवाद्यांच्या कोअर ग्रुपची बैठक झाली. ‘पोलिसांना धडा शिकविण्याची शपथ’ या बैठकीत नक्षलवादी नेत्यांनी घेतल्याचे वृत्त आहे. या बैठकीनंतर अनेक दलम कमांडरनी अनेक गावांतील लोकांना वेठीस धरल्याचेही वृत्त आहे. दोन महिन्यांच्या कालावधीत गडचिरोली-गोंदियात सुरक्षा दल आक्रमक झाले आहे. स्थानिक पोलिसांच्या मदतीने या दोन्ही जिल्ह्यांत सुरक्षा दलाने अनेक चकमकींत नक्षलवाद्यांवर मात केली आहे. घातपाताचे...
किताबांचे महत्त्व अन् समानतेचे मूल्य
प्रा. उल्हास बापट | November 02, 2012 | सकाळ सरकारच्या वतीने देण्यात येणारे वेगवेगळे किताब नेहमीच वादाच्या भोवऱ्यात सापडतात; पण राज्यघटनेला नेमके काय अभिप्रेत आहे, हे लक्षात घ्यायला हवे. गांधीजींच्या "राष्ट्रपिता' या पदवीवरून सध्या वाद सुरू आहे. या संदर्भात घटनात्मक तरतुदी काय आहेत, हे पहायला हवे. राज्यघटनेच्या 18(1) कलमाप्रमाणे "सेनाविषयक' किंवा "विद्याविषयक' मानविशेष नसलेला कोणताही किताब राज्याकडून प्रदान केला जाणार नाही किंवा 18(2) प्रमाणे भारताच्या कोणत्याही नागरिकाला कोणत्याही...
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