Kinds of Majorities

Kinds of Majorities :

There are various kinds of majorities that are required in different situations which are described in the Indian situation.

Simple Majority:

It means a majority of more than 50% of the members present and voting.

Example:

·         Total strength of Lok Sabha= 545

·         Members present at time of voting = 500 

·         Members present and voting= 400 

·         Simple majority in such case would mean consent of 201 or more members.

Motions or Bills passed by Simple Majority are: 
1. No-confidence Motion 

2. Confidence Motion Vote of thanks to the President or Governor addressed
3. Censure Motion
4. Adjournment Motion
5. A motion under Article 352 in Lok Sabha (for the disapproval of the continuance of the National Emergency)
6. The removal of the Vice-President in the Lok Sabha
7. Money Bill
8. Financial Bill and Ordinary bill
9. State legislature can pass the constitutional Amendment Bill with simply majority
10. The Government survives by means of Simple Majority.

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Absolute Majority:

It refers to a majority of more than 50% of the total membership of the house. In Constitution such kind of majority is not required in isolation.

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Effective Majority:

Effective Majority of house means more than 50% of the effective strength of the house.

Example:  In Rajya Sabha 245 is the total strength of the house.

Let us assume that on a particular day, 8 members are absent and 2 seats are vacant on different grounds.

Then in such case 235 would be the effective Strength of House.

Effective Majority in this case is 118 or more.

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