42nd Constitutional Amendment Act, 1976 (Mini Constitution)

• The 42nd Amendment brought about substantial changes of far-reaching consequences.
  
• It was enacted during an emergency imposed by Mrs. Indira Gandhi.
  
• ‘SOCIALIST’, ‘ SECULAR ’ and ‘INTEGRITY’ were added to the preamble.
  
• Fundamental Duties were added in Part IV A.
  
• Directive Principles were given precedence over Fundamental Rights and any law made to this effect by the Parliament was kept beyond the scope of judicial review by the Court.
  
• It made the power of Parliament supreme in so far as amendment to the Constitution was concerned.
  
• It authorized the Supreme Court to transfer certain cases from one High Court to another and redefined the writ jurisdiction of the High Courts.
  
• It provided for Administrative Tribunals for speedy justice.
  
• It empowered the Centre to deploy armed forces in any state to deal with the grave law and order situation.
  
• It authorized the President to make Proclamation of Emergency for any part of the country.
  
• It made obligatory for the President to act on the advice of the council of Ministers.
  
• Tenure of the Lok Sabha and the State Assemblies was increased by one year.

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